If you’re new to raising poultry, you’ve probably asked yourself, “Are chickens and hens the same thing?” It’s a common question among beginners, homesteaders, and even youth in 4-H or FFA poultry projects.
In this guide, we’ll clarify the difference between chickens and hens, explain key poultry terms, and help you decide which birds are right for your backyard coop—whether you’re focused on egg production, meat birds, or family fun.
What Is a Chicken?
A chicken is the general term for the domesticated bird species Gallus gallus domesticus. It includes both males and females of all ages. Chickens are commonly raised for eggs, meat, and companionship.
- Omnivores (they eat grains, bugs, and kitchen scraps)
- Highly social animals
- Easy to raise in backyard coops or small homesteads
What Is a Hen?
A hen is a female chicken over one year old. Hens are known for laying eggs and tend to be gentle, friendly members of the flock.
- Lay about one egg per day
- Can live 8–10 years or more
- Usually calmer and quieter than roosters
Popular laying breeds include Buff Orpingtons, Rhode Island Reds, Barred Rocks, and Australorps.
What Is a Rooster?
A rooster is a mature male chicken. Roosters don’t lay eggs, but they play important roles in the flock.
- Crow loudly—especially at dawn
- Protect hens from predators
- Fertilize eggs if you want to hatch chicks
Important: Many cities and neighborhoods ban roosters due to noise ordinances. Always check your local chicken laws before getting one.
Chicken Terminology 101
Here’s a quick glossary for poultry beginners:
- Chick – A baby chicken of either gender
- Pullet – A young female chicken under 1 year old
- Cockerel – A young male chicken under 1 year old
- Hen – A mature female chicken
- Rooster – A mature male chicken
- Chicken – Any bird of the species, male or female
Hen vs Chicken: The Main Differences
| Feature | Chicken (General) | Hen (Specifically) |
| Gender | Male or Female | Always Female |
| Age | Any age | 1 year or older |
| Purpose | Eggs, meat, pets | Primarily egg-laying |
| Behavior | Varies | Gentle, calm, consistent |
| Appearance | Varies by gender | Smaller combs/wattles |
To simplify: All hens are chickens, but not all chickens are hens.
A Brief History of Chickens
Chickens were first domesticated in Southeast Asia thousands of years ago. They spread to China, Europe, and the Americas over time—eventually becoming one of the most common livestock animals in the world. Today, they’re essential on farms and in family backyards alike.
Raising Chickens and Hens in Your Backyard
Keeping hens at home is more popular than ever. Families and homesteaders love them for their:
- Fresh eggs
- Easy care routines
- Educational value for kids in 4-H and FFA
- Friendly, low-maintenance companionship
What Are Hens Used For?
Hens aren’t just about eggs. Here’s what they bring to your backyard:
- Eggs – Fresh, nutritious, and great for baking or breakfast
- Meat – Especially if raising dual-purpose breeds
- Feathers – Used in crafts, fly tying, or pillows
- Brooding – Hens can hatch and raise chicks naturally
How to Take Care of Hens
To keep your hens healthy and productive, follow these basic tips:
- Provide fresh feed and clean water daily
- Use a well-ventilated, secure chicken coop
- Offer nesting boxes and roosting bars
- Clean the coop and run regularly
- Provide shade and dust bath areas
- Vaccinate as needed and watch for parasites
Need a coop? Check out our Chicken Coop Plans page for easy, beginner-friendly ideas.
Final Thoughts: Hen vs Chicken Simplified
So, what’s the difference between a hen and a chicken? A chicken is any bird of the species—male or female, young or old. A hen is a mature female chicken, known for laying eggs.
Understanding these terms helps beginners build better flocks, make informed decisions, and enjoy their poultry journey. Whether you’re raising a few hens for eggs or preparing for a 4-H poultry show, knowing the difference is essential.
For more helpful guides, visit our Beginner’s Guide to Raising Chickens, or subscribe to our email list for coop plans, feeding tips, and family-friendly poultry projects.
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When discussing poultry, the terms “hen” and “chicken” are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to different things.
What is a Chicken?
A chicken is a domesticated bird that belongs to the species Gallus gallus domesticus. It is a general term that includes both males and females of all ages. Chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, kept primarily for their eggs and meat.
What is a Hen?
A hen specifically refers to an adult female chicken. Hens are known for their ability to lay eggs. Once a female chicken matures, it is called a hen. Male chickens are called roosters or cocks.
Key Differences:
- Chicken: Refers to the species as a whole, including males, females, and young birds.
- Hen: Specifically denotes an adult female chicken.
- Rooster: An adult male chicken.
In summary, all hens are chickens, but not all chickens are hens. The word “chicken” is a broad term, while “hen” is more specific, describing a particular gender and maturity level within the species.